They have small, scale-like leaves with a single vein called microphylls. Fern allies reproduce using a specific branch called sporangia, which looks like a pod.

They have large, complex leaves with branched veins called megaphylls. Ferns reproduce by producing spores on the back of their leaves.

They have two cotyledons. Dicots include most garden flowers, such as roses, daisies, sunflowers, and marigolds.

They have one cotyledon, which is usually long and thin, and the veins run parallel to the midrib. Monocots include grasses, lilies, orchids, palms, and bamboo.